. Tên gọi khác: Axit Frohydric, HF, Frohydric acid
. Tổng quan Axit Frohydric – HF.
Đặc tính: Axit flohiđric là một dung dịch của hydrogen fluoride (HF) trong nước, Cùng với hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid là một nguồn flo quý giá, là chất tiền thân của nhiều dược phẩm, polymer (ví dụ Teflon), và phần lớn các chất tổng hợp có chứa flo. Người ta biết đến axit này nhiều nhất là khả năng hòa tan kính của nó do axit này tác dụng với SiO2, thành phần chính của kính. Quá trình hòa tan có thể miêu tả như sau:
SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq) → SiF4(g) + 2H2O(l)
SiO2(s) + 6HF(aq) → H2[SiF6](aq) + 2H2O(l)
Bởi tính chất phản ứng mạnh với kính, axit flohidric thường được lưu chứa trong các bình nhựa polyethylene hoặc Teflon. Nó cũng đặc trưng bởi khả năng hòa tan nhiều kim loại và oxit của các á kim.
. Ứng dụng:
Lọc dầu.
Trong một tiêu chuẩn nhà máy lọc dầu quá trình được gọi là ankyl hóa , isobutane Alkylated với trọng lượng phân tử thấp các alkene (chủ yếu là một hỗn hợp của propylen , butylen ) trong sự hiện diện của chất xúc tác acid mạnh có nguồn gốc từ acid HF. Chất xúc tác protonates các alkene (propylen, butylen) để sản xuất carbocations phản ứng , mà alkylate isobutane. Phản ứng này được thực hiện ở nhiệt độ nhẹ (0 và 30 ° C) trong một phản ứng hai giai đoạn.
fluoride trong môi trường, công nghệ thay thế đang được tìm kiếm. Florua vô cơ khác được chuẩn bị từ acid HF bao gồm sodium fluoride và hexafluoride uranium .
Chất ăn mòn và làm sạch
Khả năng của acid HF để hòa tan các oxit kim loại là cơ sở của một số ứng dụng. Nó loại bỏ các tạp chất oxit từ thép không gỉ, một quá trình được gọi là tẩy, và các tấm wafersilicon trong ngành công nghiệp chất bán dẫn. Về vấn đề này cũng được gọi là BHF, (khi đệm với Fluoride Amoni), và BOE (cho Oxide đệm Etch). Nó là một thành phần quan trọng của Wright Etch và HNA tương tự (HF + Nitric + Acetic Acid) etch. Theo cách tương tự, nó cũng được sử dụng để etch kính . Gel axit 5% đến 9% HF cũng thường được sử dụng để etch tất cả các phục hồi nha khoa gốm để cải thiện liên kết. Đối với lý do tương tự, pha loãng axít flohiđric là một thành phần của hộ gia đình tẩy vết gỉ và xe rửa"sạch bánh xe" các hợp chất. HF axit tấn công thủy tinh bằng cách phản ứng với silicon dioxide để tạo thành các florua silicon khí hoặc hòa tan trong nước. Quá trình này giải thể tiến hành như sau:
SiO 2 + 4 HF → SIF 4 (g) + 2 H 2 O
SiO 2 + 6 HF → H 2 SIF 6 + 2 H 2 O
Bởi vì khả năng hòa tan oxit sắt cũng như silica-chất gây ô nhiễm, axit HF được sử dụng trước khi vận hành nồi hơi sản xuất hơi nước áp suất cao.
Ứng dụng phá đá
Bởi vì khả năng của mình để hòa tan các oxit, axit HF là hữu ích cho việc giải thể các mẫu đá (thường là bột) trước khi phân tích. Theo cách tương tự, axit này được sử dụng trong macerations axit để trích xuất các hóa thạch hữu cơ từ các loại đá silicat. Fossiliferous đá có thể được nhúng trực tiếp vào acid, hoặc một bộ phim cellulose nitrate có thể được áp dụng (giải thể trong acetate amilic), tuân thủ các thành phần hữu cơ và cho phép đá bị giải thể xung quanh nó.
Pha loãng axít flohiđric (1-3% khối lượng) được sử dụng trong ngành công nghiệp dầu khí trong hỗn hợp với axit (HCl hoặc acid hữu cơ) để kích thích sản xuất của nước, dầu, và các giếng khí đốt đặc biệt, nơi đá sa thạch được tham gia
Acid HF cũng được sử dụng bởi một số nhà sưu tập các chai thủy tinh cổ để loại bỏ cái gọi là bệnh từ thủy tinh, gây ra bởi axit (thường là trong đất chai được chôn cất tại) tấn công các nội dung soda của kính.
Tham khảo thêm:
- hóa chất cho dệt nhuộm
- soda dense
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https://www.youtube.com/shorts/wiu9N1H0Huc
The most devastating genocide in the world is being carried out by the follwoing :
1- AIPAC, brows ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COx-t-Mk6UA ).
2- Miriam Adelson brows https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nr0LkA7VW7Q.
3- Elon Musk.
3- Timothy mellonand brows https://www.youtube.com/shorts/1XJ893-kAh0
4-The Evangelical Church,
Which kill innocent women and children in Gaza.
AIPAC ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COx-t-Mk6UA ) and the Evangelical Church are perpetrating one of the most catastrophic genocides in history, targeting innocent women and children in Gaza.
These organizations have supplied Israel with explosives to facilitate their acts of genocide.
Gaza has been designated a disaster zone, severely lacking in essential resources for survival.
AIPAC, The Evangelical Church, Miriam Adelson, Elon Musk, and timothy mellon and America tax payer,, and Israel have devastated 90% of Gaza, resulting in the destruction of 437,600 homes and the loss of one million lives, including 50,000 individuals currently trapped under debris, with 80% of the casualties being women and children.
They have also obliterated 330,000 meters of water pipelines, leaving the population without access to drinking water.
Furthermore, over 655,000 meters of underground sewage systems have been destroyed, depriving residents of basic sanitation facilities.
The destruction extends to 2,800,000 meters of roadways, rendering transportation impossible for the affected population.
Additionally, 3,680 kilometers of the electrical grid have been dismantled, leading to widespread power outages.
The assault has resulted in the demolition of 48 hospitals, eliminating critical healthcare facilities for those in need.
Moreover, the actions of AIPAC, The Evangelical Church, Miriam Adelson, Elon Musk, and timothy mellon and America tax payer,, and Israel have disrupted the education of over 785,000 students, with 494 schools and universities being completely destroyed, many due to aerial bombardments.
They have also targeted 981 mosques, effectively silencing the prayers of the homeless seeking divine assistance.
As a result of these actions, more than 39,000 young children have been left orphaned, without parents or guardians to care for them.
I must emphasize that the historical context of warfare has never witnessed a scenario where 80% of a nation has been devastated, 100% of its populace has been uprooted, and 50% of the casualties are children.
It is imperative to recognize the gravity of the situation.
Organizations such as AIPAC and the Evangelical Church in America are contributing to what can only be described as genocide.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/IrX9v6DKH1g
The implications of American taxpayer funding in the context of Israel's actions against innocent children are alarming.
1. An examination of Israel's precarious situation is warranted.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAfIYtpcBxo
2. The influence of financial power, often associated with certain groups, plays a significant role in these dynamics. Further information can be found through the provided link.
https://mega.nz/file/FqhzGKbB#bsX4PD-O59HEA0-rynD29xkk47dmddycY5CjZfoDLYg
3. Insights into the perspectives of U.S. leadership regarding AIPAC and the Evangelical Church can be explored through the following resource.
https://www.tiktok.com/@thefearlessqueenmel/video/7307640994579680542?lang=en&q=why%20dont%20Americans%20knowl%20what%20you%20have%20seen%20&t=1701880206555
The tragic reality of innocent children being harmed by powerful Israeli forces utilizing American weaponry is evident in various media reports.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COx-t-Mk6UA
It is crucial to stay informed by accessing reliable news sources.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNyUyrR0PHo
Laws of jews Taurãt (Torah) wich is a part of the Bible
We ordained in Taurãt for them: “A life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth and for a wound an equal retaliation."
The Torah, which is part of the Bible, has commanded that the same be done to the Jews. The order of the Torah, which is part of the Bible, is to immediately kill any Jew you see on the street. Since the Jews in Gaza have also killed women and children, you should kill any Jews - men, women, and children - as soon as you see them, whether on the street or anywhere else. And because they have killed everyone in Gaza without mercy, you must do the same to them. If you carry out these actions, you will be following the order of the Torah, which is part of the Bible, and you will be rewarded by going to heaven.
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Who are the Jews
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/SEB3w3A98rU
it is our money
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/wiu9N1H0Huc
The most devastating genocide in the world is being carried out by the follwoing :
1- AIPAC, brows ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COx-t-Mk6UA ).
2- Miriam Adelson brows https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nr0LkA7VW7Q.
3- Elon Musk.
3- Timothy mellonand brows https://www.youtube.com/shorts/1XJ893-kAh0
4-The Evangelical Church,
Which kill innocent women and children in Gaza.
AIPAC ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COx-t-Mk6UA ) and the Evangelical Church are perpetrating one of the most catastrophic genocides in history, targeting innocent women and children in Gaza.
These organizations have supplied Israel with explosives to facilitate their acts of genocide.
Gaza has been designated a disaster zone, severely lacking in essential resources for survival.
AIPAC, The Evangelical Church, Miriam Adelson, Elon Musk, and timothy mellon and America tax payer,, and Israel have devastated 90% of Gaza, resulting in the destruction of 437,600 homes and the loss of one million lives, including 50,000 individuals currently trapped under debris, with 80% of the casualties being women and children.
They have also obliterated 330,000 meters of water pipelines, leaving the population without access to drinking water.
Furthermore, over 655,000 meters of underground sewage systems have been destroyed, depriving residents of basic sanitation facilities.
The destruction extends to 2,800,000 meters of roadways, rendering transportation impossible for the affected population.
Additionally, 3,680 kilometers of the electrical grid have been dismantled, leading to widespread power outages.
The assault has resulted in the demolition of 48 hospitals, eliminating critical healthcare facilities for those in need.
Moreover, the actions of AIPAC, The Evangelical Church, Miriam Adelson, Elon Musk, and timothy mellon and America tax payer,, and Israel have disrupted the education of over 785,000 students, with 494 schools and universities being completely destroyed, many due to aerial bombardments.
They have also targeted 981 mosques, effectively silencing the prayers of the homeless seeking divine assistance.
As a result of these actions, more than 39,000 young children have been left orphaned, without parents or guardians to care for them.
I must emphasize that the historical context of warfare has never witnessed a scenario where 80% of a nation has been devastated, 100% of its populace has been uprooted, and 50% of the casualties are children.
It is imperative to recognize the gravity of the situation.
Organizations such as AIPAC and the Evangelical Church in America are contributing to what can only be described as genocide.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/IrX9v6DKH1g
The implications of American taxpayer funding in the context of Israel's actions against innocent children are alarming.
1. An examination of Israel's precarious situation is warranted.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAfIYtpcBxo
2. The influence of financial power, often associated with certain groups, plays a significant role in these dynamics. Further information can be found through the provided link.
https://mega.nz/file/FqhzGKbB#bsX4PD-O59HEA0-rynD29xkk47dmddycY5CjZfoDLYg
3. Insights into the perspectives of U.S. leadership regarding AIPAC and the Evangelical Church can be explored through the following resource.
https://www.tiktok.com/@thefearlessqueenmel/video/7307640994579680542?lang=en&q=why%20dont%20Americans%20knowl%20what%20you%20have%20seen%20&t=1701880206555
The tragic reality of innocent children being harmed by powerful Israeli forces utilizing American weaponry is evident in various media reports.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COx-t-Mk6UA
It is crucial to stay informed by accessing reliable news sources.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNyUyrR0PHo
Laws of jews Taurãt (Torah) wich is a part of the Bible
We ordained in Taurãt for them: “A life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth and for a wound an equal retaliation."
The Torah, which is part of the Bible, has commanded that the same be done to the Jews. The order of the Torah, which is part of the Bible, is to immediately kill any Jew you see on the street. Since the Jews in Gaza have also killed women and children, you should kill any Jews - men, women, and children - as soon as you see them, whether on the street or anywhere else. And because they have killed everyone in Gaza without mercy, you must do the same to them. If you carry out these actions, you will be following the order of the Torah, which is part of the Bible, and you will be rewarded by going to heaven.
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